Varicella (Chickenpox)
Description
Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It primarily affects children, but unvaccinated adults can also contract it, often experiencing more severe symptoms. The virus spreads through direct contact with fluid from blisters, respiratory droplets from coughs/sneezes, or contaminated objects. After infection, lifelong immunity usually develops, but the virus can reactivate later in life as shingles (herpes zoster). Symptoms include: Itchy red rash progressing to fluid-filled blisters, mainly on the face, chest, and back, Fever, fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite, and Blisters scab over within 5–10 days. Doctors diagnose chickenpox based on physical examination and, in some cases, lab tests. Treatment focuses on symptom relief, including antihistamines for itching, fever reducers (acetaminophen), and antiviral medications (acyclovir) for high-risk individuals. The varicella vaccine prevents infection and complications.