Gastritis
Description
Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term). It is caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged NSAID use, or stress. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite, and, in severe cases, stomach bleeding (black stools or vomiting blood). If left untreated, chronic gastritis can lead to ulcers or even stomach cancer. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, stool tests, breath tests for H. pylori, and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the cause and may include antibiotics (for H. pylori), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid, antacids, and dietary changes (avoiding spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine).