Gout
Description
Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to intense pain and inflammation. It commonly affects the big toe, but other joints like the ankles, knees, and fingers can also be involved. Gout occurs when the body produces too much uric acid or does not eliminate it properly, leading to crystal formation in the joints. Risk factors include diet (high in purines), alcohol consumption, obesity, genetics, and kidney disease. Symptoms include sudden and severe joint pain, redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected area. Attacks can last days to weeks and may recur if untreated. Diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests (measuring uric acid levels), joint fluid analysis, and imaging (X-rays or ultrasound). Treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, corticosteroids, and long-term medications like allopurinol to lower uric acid levels. Lifestyle changes, such as reducing red meat and alcohol intake, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy weight, help prevent flare-ups.