Influenza (Flu)
Description
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, and lungs). It is caused by influenza viruses (Types A, B, C, and D) and spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Symptoms include fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and nasal congestion. In severe cases, influenza can lead to pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, or worsening of pre-existing conditions like asthma and heart disease. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, but rapid flu tests can confirm the virus. Treatment includes antiviral medications (oseltamivir, zanamivir) to reduce severity and duration, along with rest, hydration, and fever-reducing medications. The annual flu vaccine is the best prevention, along with proper hand hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals.