Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy)
Description
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. It spreads through respiratory droplets but has low transmission rates, and most people have natural immunity. Symptoms include light or dark skin patches, numbness in affected areas, muscle weakness, thickened nerves, and ulcers. Advanced cases cause deformities, claw-like fingers, and blindness. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, skin biopsy, and bacterial tests. Treatment involves multi-drug therapy (MDT) with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Early treatment prevents complications, and people with leprosy can lead normal lives.