Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Description
Hypertension is a chronic condition where blood pressure remains consistently high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and vision problems. It is often called the "silent killer" because it may not show symptoms until complications arise. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, high salt intake, lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress. Symptoms, when present, may include headaches, dizziness, nosebleeds, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Severe hypertension can lead to heart attacks, strokes, or aneurysms. Diagnosis is through blood pressure measurements (normal is below 120/80 mmHg; hypertension is above 130/80 mmHg). Treatment includes lifestyle changes (healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, reduced salt intake) and medications (diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers).