Diphtheria
Description
Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, affecting the throat and upper airways. It spreads through respiratory droplets or contact with infected surfaces. Symptoms include a thick gray coating in the throat, sore throat, swollen glands, difficulty breathing, fever, and weakness. If untreated, the bacterial toxin can damage the heart, kidneys, and nervous system, leading to paralysis or death. Treatment involves antitoxins and antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin. Vaccination (DTP or DTaP vaccine) is the best preventive measure, significantly reducing the incidence of diphtheria worldwide.