Coronary Artery Disease
Description
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. Plaque is composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances found in the blood. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, reduces blood flow to the heart, which can lead to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, a complete blockage of the coronary artery can result in a heart attack. Risk factors for CAD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Family history and age are also significant factors. Prevention and management of CAD involve lifestyle modifications such as a heart-healthy diet, regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications may be prescribed to manage cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other risk factors. In some cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart. Living with CAD requires ongoing medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Patients are often advised to adopt the Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Regular exercise, such as walking or swimming, can help improve cardiovascular health and reduce symptoms. Stress management techniques, including mindfulness and relaxation exercises, can also be beneficial in managing CAD.