Iron Deficiency Anemia
Description
Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the blood. It is the most common type of anemia and often results from poor diet, blood loss (heavy menstruation, ulcers, or internal bleeding), or malabsorption disorders (like celiac disease). Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, brittle nails, cold hands and feet, and unusual cravings (e.g., ice, dirt, or starch – a condition called pica). Diagnosis involves blood tests (CBC, ferritin levels, and iron studies). Treatment includes iron supplements, dietary changes (iron-rich foods like red meat, beans, and spinach), and treating underlying causes of blood loss. Severe cases may require iron infusions or blood transfusions.