Ulcerative Colitis
Description
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-term inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. It is an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the colon, leading to recurring episodes of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bleeding. Symptoms include: Chronic diarrhea with blood or mucus, Abdominal cramps and pain, Urgent bowel movements, Weight loss, fatigue, and anemia, and Fever and joint pain in severe cases. Doctors diagnose UC using colonoscopy, stool tests, and blood tests. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs (aminosalicylates, corticosteroids), immune suppressants, and biologic therapies. Severe cases may require surgery (colectomy) to remove the colon. Dietary changes can also help manage symptoms.