Nephrotic Syndrome
Description
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that occurs when the glomeruli (filtering units in the kidneys) are damaged, leading to excessive protein loss in urine (proteinuria). It can be caused by diabetes, infections, immune diseases (like lupus), or genetic disorders. Symptoms include: Severe swelling (edema) in the legs, feet, and around the eyes, Foamy urine due to high protein levels, Weight gain due to fluid retention, and High cholesterol and increased blood clot risk. Diagnosis is made through urinalysis (protein levels), blood tests, kidney biopsy, and imaging. Treatment includes steroids, diuretics, blood pressure medications (ACE inhibitors), and dietary changes to reduce salt and protein loss. Severe cases may lead to kidney failure.