Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Description
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation and stiffness in children under 16. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, morning stiffness, fever, fatigue, and eye inflammation (uveitis). Some children may experience growth abnormalities due to prolonged inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests (ANA, rheumatoid factor), imaging (X-rays, MRI), and physical examination. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs), corticosteroids, and physical therapy to prevent joint damage.